Pulmonary toxicity after intraperitoneal mitomycin C: a case report of a rare complication of HIPEC

BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) has become a common treatment approach for disseminated appendiceal neoplasms. Systemic absorption of intraperitoneal chemotherapeutics may lead to drug-induced toxicity, most commonly neutropenia. Mitomycin C has been the most commonly used chemotherapeutic in HIPEC for the past several decades. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we describe a rare pulmonary complication secondary to intraperitoneal administration of mitomycin C. CONCLUSIONS While rare, intraperitoneal mitomycin C has the potential to cause serious pulmonary toxicity that should be considered with administration. To our knowledge, this report represents only the second case described in the literature.